Plane with interchangeable blades



1929- B. RODIONOFF 1,726,124

PLANE WITH INTERCHANGEABLE BLADES Filed NOV. 25, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 27, 1929. B. RODIONOFF PLANE WITH INTERCHANGEABLE BLADES filed Nov. 25, 1928 2 Shets-Shee't 2 Patented Aug. 27, 1929.

PATENT OFFICE.

BORIS RODIONOFF, OF TUNISIE, NORTH AFRICA.

PLANE WITH INTERCI-IANGEABLE BLADES.

Application filed. November 23, 1928.

My invention relates to improvements in a plane with interchangeable blades and the blades required thereby.

The plane forming the object of the present invention is essentially characterized in that it permits the use of blades of slight length and thickness with two opposite cutting edges; these blades are interchangeable in the manner of safety razor blades with all' the advantages resulting therefrom: to wit, the possibility of keeping the blades in stock, changing them rapidly, and always having a certain number of freshly ground ones and being able to grind a series of blades at once.

The invention comprises further an arrangement for holding the blades, characterized by the following points:

(a) The combination of a metallic sup- 7 port fixed to remain with the body of the plane .with a movable blade carrier capable of being adjusted longitudinally and transversely by means mounted on the fixed suport.

(b) A blade carrier formed in three parts united by a screw. The first element of the carrier is the iron which has a beveled edge and upon which rests the blade and the second part which is a plate, the position of which is adjustable longitudinally in re spect to the first element. The counter-iron forms an elastic clamp and is cambered in the portion which is applied to the cutting blade.

(0) The arrangement on the fixed support, fast in the Wooden block, of an adjustable element which permits longitudinal and angular displacement of the assemblage of blades carriers formed according to (1)).

One form or embodiment of the invention is described below by way of example, in connection with the accompanying draw ing, wherein:

Figure 1 shows diagrammatically the truing up by angular and transverse displacement of the assemblage forming the blade carrier.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of a plane constructed in accordance with the invention.

Serial No. 321,419.

Figure 3 shows the Various portions formmg the supporting guide, the blade car rier and the counter-iron in perspective and arranged in the order of their assemblage.

Fig. 4 is a detail rear elevation of the main adjusting mechanism.

As seen from the drawing, a planing tool (plane, jointer, smoothing plane, etc.) with interchangeable blades made according to the present invention comprises in the usual way a wooden block or body 1 cut away at its central portion and having preferably two inclined planes 23. On one of these inclined planes 2 there is fixed by means of screws 4 a metallic supporting guide 5 formed of a plate of sheet metal of section as shown in Figure 3.

The supporting guide 5 has at its upper portion four openings 8, 8, 29, 19 allowing passage ofthe various adjusting elements for the blade-carrier proper. At the lower portion of the said supporting guide 5 on the inner face of'the j is provided a nonrotatable nut 9 for engaging with a screw or securing bolt 10, the nut engaging snugly in a recess or socket provided therefor in the body. On the same face there is likewise arranged an adjusting device for mov ing the blade carrier proper longitudinally and transversely. The adjusting meansis pivoted between the wings of the supporting guide 5 by means of a transverse shaft 11 secured to the latter.

The adjusting means consists of a lever 6 of the first order pivoted upon the shaft 11, which carries at one of its ends two hooks 7 projecting through the two openings 8 of the supporting guide 5. On the other arm of this lever 6 there is pivoted, by the rivet 12,21. clamp 13 bent at a right angle at its upper end.

The wing thus formed forms the point of application for a screw 14 disposed parallel with and to the rear of the clamp 13. This screw 14 which may be operated by the knurled button 15 is engaged with a nut 16. This nut 16 is guided in a longitudinal slot 18 of the clamp 13 and is provided with a lug 17 which projects through'the opening 19 of the support 5. By these arrangements the lug 17 may thus be displaced either angularly about the pivot 12 of the clamp 13 or longitudinally by means of the adjusting screw 14.

On the supporting guide is mounted a blade carrying means capable of being adjusted longitudinally and transversely by the means above mentioned. This means is formed by the combination and superposition of various parts comprising, first, an iron 119 beveled at its end in accordance with the angle of out.

On the iron 119 is superposed the blade 21having two parallel ground cutting edges. This blade 21 has two holes 22 through which pass the lugs 23, formed as projections on one of the "faces of the holding plate 241.

The holding plate 2 1 is offset in its lower portion in such way as to form a seat for the blade 21, as shown in Fig. 3. It carries, fixed to its upper end at its rear portion, a lug having a threaded extension 25 whereon turns a knurled nut 26. This extension 25 and this nut 26 seat in an elongated opening 27 of the iron 119; the nut 26 engaging against one or the other of the edges 28 of this opening 27 and also entering the opening 29 in the support 5. The iron 119 also has a hole 30, wherein penetrates the lug 17 of the longitudinal and transverse adjusting means; a threaded bore 31 formed therein in which the screw 32 is threaded to assemble the various parts of the blade carrier, and a key-hole slot 33 permits setting on the screw 10 which is secured to the support 5.

The holding plate 24 has an elongated opening 34: permitting the free passage of the screws 10 and 32. On the latter is applied the counter-iron or clamping plate 35 which is formed as an elastic plate. This plate is arched at its forward part in such way as to form an arm of a clamp which bears against the cutting blade 21. It has a hole 36 which is traversed by the securing screw 32 and a key-hole slot 37 for its setting on the screw 10 rigid with the supporting guide 5.

The block or body 1 of the tool thus carries the guide support 5 secured thereto which supports the lever 6 and the clamp 13 capable of oscillating transversely. This latter has the adjusting screw 141 which allows longitudinal adjustment of the lug 17, and consequently, as a result of the engagement of the latter in the opening of the iron 119, the cutting edge of the cutter may be accurately set relatively to the opening of the block. The blade 21 is secured by the lugs 23 of the holding plate 2 1, said lugs engaging, below the blade, in the longitudinal slots 37 of the iron 119. On this assemblage is applied the counter-iron or clamping plate 35. The whole is made rigid by the screw 32 which traverses the openings 36 and 3 1 of the plates and 24 and enin the threaded opening 31 provided in the iron 119.

Upon turning the nut 26, longitudinal displacements of the blade 21 and holding plate 2 1 are produced between the counter-iron 35 and the iron 119 which allows aligning of the cutter with the bevel 20 of the iron 119.

The assembly thus prepared is set on the screw 10 on the support 5 by means of the key-hole slots 33, 37 in the portions 119 and 35 and the opening 34: of the plate 2%. Upon tightening the screw 10 the assembly is held in position. Previously to this latter operation it is possible:

First, to adjust the cutter with respect to the opening of the block 1 (for exposing more or less cutter) in determining the translation of the latter relatively to the supporting guide 5. For this purpose, rotation of the nut 26 suiiices. Since the nut 26 bears against one or the other of the edges 28 of the slot 27, the blade 21 and its holder 24: move with the iron 119 when the iron is adjusted and therefore the lug 17, when it is moved by turning the screw 14, moves the entire assembly by the lugs engagement in the hole 30 of the iron 119.

Second, truing the cutting edge relatively to the opening of the block 1. For this purpose the clamp 13 is displaced angularly about its pivot 12. The lug 17 displaces itself transversely in the opening 19 of the support 5. Due to its engagement in the opening 30 of the iron 119, it determines the angular displacements of the latter about the screw 10.

The latter, as already indicated, is "secured before adjustment; the assembly engaging the projections 7 of the lever 6 and thus being held in position of adjustment.

Numerous advantages of this apparatus described above are those which result from interchangeability of the blades and their precise adjustment upon the tool which carries them. The grinding is always perfect, the work continuous, rapid and perfectly executed.

The above arrangements are disclosed only by way of example, and the forms, material and dimensions of the apparatus may be changed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What I claim is:

1. A plane having an iron, and elastic counter-iron, a blade and a holding plate interposed between the iron and counteriron, means for adjusting the blade and its holding plate longitudinally between the iron and the counter-iron, said means comprising a nut which bears against the iron and a threaded extension integral with the holding plate, and a pressure screw passing through these several portions to secure blade and holding plate longitudinally upon them together. the iron, and means for securing tlie iron,

2. In a plane, the combination of a supcounter-iron, blade and holding-plate in a 10 port, an iron resting on the support, a blade, set position upon the support. 5 and a blade-holding plate resting on the In testimony whereof, I have signed this iron, a counter-iron bearing upon theblade specification. and holding plate, means for adjusting the BORIS RODIONOFF. 1 

